得中正和平之雅
洵盛世之元音

1872

       Alsatian piano maker George Trayser and investors James M. Starr and Richard Jackson form the Trayser Piano Co. In Richmond, Indiana.

1872年,阿尔萨斯钢琴制造商乔治  特蕾泽和他的投资者詹姆斯 M. 斯塔尔,还有理查德  杰克逊在印第安纳的里士满成立特雷泽钢琴公司。

 

1878

       Company is renamed the Chase Piano Co.after piano maker M. J. Chase replaces Trayser. Factory moves to the Whitewater River in a massive glacial gorge near downtown.

1878年,钢琴制造商替代特雷泽的位置之后,公司更名为查尔斯钢琴公司。工厂移址于离市区不远的白水河河谷,这是一个巨大的冰河时代的河谷。

 

1885

       Company is renamed James Starr & Co.with Chases departure. James Starr becomes president, and his brother,Benjamin Starr, runs the expanding factory complex.

随着查尔斯的离开,公司改名詹姆斯  斯塔尔。詹姆斯  斯塔尔成为董事长,他的兄弟,本杰明  斯塔尔则管理着扩张的公司业务。

 

1893

       Company is recapitalized and renamed Starr Piano Co., with half-ownership acquired by John Lumsden and Henry Gennett, both piano retailers in Nashville, Tennessee.

公司资本重组,重新命名为斯塔尔钢琴公司,公司的一半由约翰  卢姆斯登和亨利  吉纳特拥有,他们是来自田纳西州的纳斯维尔的钢琴零售商。

 

1903

        Gennett family assumes full control of expanding Starr Piano factory in Richmond and its national network of stores. As president, Henry Gennett names his three young sons as officers: Harry, vice president; Clarence, treasurer; and Fred, secretary.

       吉纳特家族在斯塔尔钢琴工厂的扩建和全国连锁店的推广方面处于控制状态,作为董事长,亨利  吉纳特任命他的三个年轻儿子为公司高层:哈里任副董事长;克莱伦斯任财务主管;弗雷德任秘书。

 

1915

       As patents for phonograph and recording technology expire, the Gennett family amends Starr Piano articles of incorporation to expand into phonographs and records.

       因为留声机和唱片技术的专利期满,吉纳特家族改变了产品线,把产品扩展到了留声机和唱片业务。

 

1916

       Gennett family creates the Starr record label and a recording studio in New York City. Starr records and Starr phonographs are sold in the piano stores.

       吉纳特家族生产STARR封面的唱片,在纽约建立了一个录音棚。斯塔尔唱片和斯塔尔留声机开始在钢琴商店里销售。

 

1917

       The Gennett record label is created to limit the association with Starr Piano and thus widen the labels distribution channels.

       Dominant Victor Records produces the worlds first jazz records with releases by the Original Dixieland Jazz Band.

       吉纳特唱片封面(商标)被采用,逐渐限制和斯塔尔钢琴的关联,这样扩大了商标的分销渠道。

 

1919

       Gennett Records introduces lateral-cut 78-rpm discs, a technology controlled by Victor, which sues for patent infringement.

       Other small labels join Gennett in the court fight against Victor.

       吉纳特唱片公司开始引进横纹78转光盘技术,这种技术由维克多控制,维克多把吉纳特诉上了法庭,名义是专利侵权。

       其它小的唱片公司加入到吉纳特阵营当中,在法庭上对抗维克多。

 

1921

       OKeh Records produces hits by blues singer Mamie Smith to help establish the race recordsmarket.

       欧肯唱片开始灌制布鲁斯歌手玛米  斯密斯的合集,来帮助建立“种族唱片”市场。

       February 11: Victor Records is defeated in U.S. Circuit Court in its patent infringement case against Gennett Records.

       211日,维克多唱片在和吉纳特唱片的专利诉讼中被打败。

       July: Gennett family creates a second recording studio at the Starr Piano factory in Richmond, with Ezra Wickemeyer as studio engineer.

7月,吉纳特家族在里士满的斯塔尔钢琴工厂内建立了第二个录音棚,邀请以斯拉 维克梅恩作为录音工程师。

 

1922

       April 4: U.S. Circuit Court decision in Gennetts favor is upheld in U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. Lateral-cut recording is no longer controlled by Victor, resulting in new record labels and greater competition.

       White studio jazz bands Ladds Black Aces and Baileys Lucky Seven record a series of releases in Gennetts New York studio.

       44日,美国巡回法庭在上诉期间,支持了吉纳特的请求,横纹录音技术不再被维克多所控制,这个裁决结果是大量新的品牌出现,竞争加剧。

        白人工作室爵士乐队 Ladds Black Aces Baileys Lucky Seven在吉纳特纽约录音棚录制了一系列作品。

       June 2: Henry Gennett dies at Starr Pianos financial peak. Oldest son Harry becomes company president.

       62日,亨利  吉纳特在斯塔尔钢琴时期去世,大的儿子哈里成为了公司的董事长。

       Fred Wiggins, manager of Starr Pianos Chicago store, convinces Fred Gennett, head of Gennett Records, to record untapped black and white jazz talent in Chicago.

       弗雷德  维金斯,斯塔尔钢琴公司芝加哥店经理,成功的劝说了吉纳特唱片公司的老大弗雷德  吉纳特在芝加哥为那些黑人和白人爵士天才录制唱片。

       August 29: Recording debut of New Orleans Rhythm Kings of Chicago at

Richmond studio. Band returns twice over the next year.

       829日,芝加哥的新奥尔良节奏王在里士满开始了他们的首张唱片的录制,第二年,他们又回来的两次。

       September 18: Kentucky fiddler William Houchens records hillbilly

music in Richmond only three months after Victor first records the genre with fiddlers Alexander Robertson and Henry Gilliland.

       918日,肯塔基州的小提琴家威廉 霍肯斯在里士满录制了“乡村”音乐——三个月前,维克多唱片刚刚给小提琴家亚历山大  罗宾森和亨利  吉利兰录制了同种类型的音乐。

 

1923

       New cheap home radios challenge sales of pianos, phonograph, and record sales.

       新出现的而便宜的家庭收音机挑战着钢琴、唱片机和唱片的销售。

       April 56: Richmond studio debuts Chicago-based King Olivers Creole Jazz Band, with Louis Armstrong on second cornet. Nine songs mastered, including Chimes Bluesand Dippermouth Blues.Second session held in October.

       45-6日,以芝加哥为根据地的金  奥利弗的克里奥尔爵士乐队在里士满录音棚完成他们的初次录音,路易斯  阿姆斯特朗作为乐队的第二短号手出现。主打九首歌,包括“钟声蓝调 ”大嘴巴人蓝调”。第二期在10月进行。

       July 1718: Pianist Jelly Roll Morton joins the New Orleans Rhythm Kings in Richmond for one of jazz musics first interracial recording sessions. Morton also records six piano solos.

       717-18日,钢琴家吉利  罗尔  莫顿在里士满加入到了新爱尔良节奏王乐队,录制了爵士乐的一个种族唱片之一。莫顿自己也录制了六首钢琴独奏曲。

       October 3: Teenage pianist Earl FathaHines debuts in Richmond studio with Lois Deppes Serenaders.

       103日,少年钢琴家艾尔 “Fatha 海因斯和罗伊斯 德普的小夜曲乐队一起录制了他的首张唱片。

 

1924

       Fred Wiggins moves back to his hometown of Richmond to head daily

operations of Gennett Records for Fred Gennett.

       弗雷德  维金斯回到了他的里士满家乡,为弗雷德管理吉纳特唱片公司。

       January 21: New Orleans jazz pioneer and cornetist Freddie Keppard records in Richmond with Chicagos Doc Cook and his Dreamland Orchestra.

       121日,新爱尔良爵士先锋和短号手弗雷德迪  凯帕德在里士满录制唱片,一起录制唱片的还有芝加哥的库克博士和他的幻境合唱团。

       February 18: Recording debut in Richmond of the Wolverines, with cornetist Bix Beiderbecke. Band records for Gennett four times in 1924.

       218日,狼獾爵士乐队的初次录制在里士满进行,短号手毕克斯  拜德贝克也参与了录制。1924年,这个乐队在里士满录制了四次。

       May 6: The Wolverines record Hoagy Carmichaels first composition, Riverboat Shuffle,in Richmond.

       56日,狼獾爵士乐队在里士满录制了霍奇  卡迈克尔的一个作品《船上的洗牌》

June 9: Richmond studio records nine piano solos by Jelly Roll Morton.

       69日,里士满录音棚录制了吉利 罗尔 莫顿的九首钢琴独奏曲。

       October: Prolific country singer Vernon Dalhart makes first of many visits to Gennetts New York studio.

       10月,多产的乡村歌手弗农  达尔哈特初次参观了吉纳特的纽约录音棚,之后多次参观。

       November 26: Louis Armstrong records with the Red Onion Jazz Babies at Gennetts New York studio.

       1126日,路易斯  阿姆斯特朗和雷德  奥尼恩爵士宝贝乐队在吉纳特的纽约录音棚录制唱片

       December 22: Armstrong, Sidney Bechet, and Alberta Hunter record with Red Onion Jazz Babies at New York studio.

       1222日,阿姆斯特朗,西德尼  贝谢和阿尔贝塔  亨特和雷德  奥尼恩爵士宝贝乐队在纽约录音棚录制唱片。

 

1925

       Gennett Records enters discount record market with its Champion label. Also supplies discount records for Sears, Roebuck, mail-order distributor of the Silvertone, Challenge, Conqueror, and Supertone

Labels.

       吉纳特唱片加入贴现唱片市场,使用的champion标牌。同时也为西尔斯、罗巴克、和银声、挑战、征服者、超声的通过邮件订购的分销商提供贴现唱片。

       January 26: A Bix Beiderbecke pickup band (Bix and his Rhythm Jugglers), with trombonist Tommy Dorsey, record Davenport Bluesin Richmond.

       126日,毕克斯  贝德贝克接管乐队(毕克斯和他的节奏变幻者)和长号手托米  多尔西在里士满录制了达文波特蓝调。

       May 19: Indiana band Curtis Hitch and his Happy Harmonists record

Carmichaels Washboard Bluesat Richmond studio with the composer on piano.

       519日,印第安纳乐队柯蒂斯 辛驰和他的快乐和谐者在里士满录音棚和钢琴作曲家录制了卡迈克尔的“搓板蓝调”。

       October 1: Recording debut in Richmond of Kentuckys FiddlinDoc

Roberts, who would ultimately appear on 100 sides for Gennett and its various discount labels.

        101日:来自肯塔基的菲陀林 罗伯特开始了首张唱片的录制,他终录制了各式各样折扣标签100面的录制。

1926

       The Gennett studios in both Richmond and New York struggle to produce electronically recorded discs.

       里士满和纽约吉纳特录音棚开始尝试电子录音的唱片录制。

1927

       Electrobeam Gennett label introduced. 电子束吉纳特标签推出。

       Acoustic recording apparatus is replaced by new electronic recording equipment.

       声学录制设备被新的电子录制设备所代替。

       April 1920: Blues guitarist Lonnie Johnson makes non-credited appearance with a band supporting St. Louis blues singers in two days of recording in Richmond.

       419-20日,在里士满的录音棚,布鲁斯吉他手朗尼  约翰逊和一个乐队为圣路易斯蓝调歌手录制了两天唱片。

       April 25: Recording debut in Richmond of bluesman CryingSam Collins.

       425日,里士满的布鲁斯人士“哭泣的”山姆  柯林斯录制了首张唱片

       April 2627: Richmond studio holds one of the first interracial recording sessions in country music with an integrated group billed as Taylors Kentucky Boys.

       426-27日,里士满的录音棚进行了初次种族音乐录制过程,乡村音乐,这个团队命名为泰勒的肯塔基男孩乐队。

       April 27: Banjoist Marion Underwood records in Richmond his Coal Creek March,a future Appalachian folk standard.

       427日,五弦琴演奏师马里恩  安德伍德在里士满录制了他的“科尔克里克行军”,后来成为阿巴拉契亚民歌的标杆。

       May: Black Patti label, financed largely by Gennett Records, is unveiled. Thelabel, marketed for African American consumers, closes in September after 55 sides issued.

    5月:吉纳特唱片公司投入了巨大资金的黑帕蒂标签公开发行。这个标签,目标市场是非裔美国人,在发行了55面后于9月份停止了发行。

       July 18: William Harris debuts at Gennetts temporary studio in

Birmingham, Alabama. It is arguably the first recording by a Mississippi Delta blues musician.

       718日,威廉哈里斯在吉纳特位于阿拉巴马州的伯明翰的临时录音棚里录制了他的首张唱片。一个密西西比州德尔塔的布鲁斯音乐家录制了据说是首张唱片。

       October 31: Carmichael debuts his future pop standard Star Dust(then a two-word song) in the Richmond studio.

    1031日,在里士满的录音棚里,卡迈克尔初次录制了他未来的流行标准“星尘”。

       December: Recording debut of country singer Bradley Kincaid at Gennetts temporary studio in Chicago.

12月:在芝加哥的吉纳特临时录音棚里,乡村歌手布拉德利  金凯德录制了首张唱片。

 

1928

       October 11: The Alphonso Trent Orchestra, one of the great black big bands of the Southwest, debuts on record in Richmond.

1011日: 阿方索  特伦特管弦乐团,西南很大的黑人乐队之一在里士满录制了首张唱片。

 

1929

       June 14: Recording debut of Mississippi Delta bluesman Charley Patton in Richmond studio for Paramount label.

       614日, 密西西比的德尔塔蓝调歌手查利  巴顿在里士满录制了首张派拉蒙标签的唱片。

       September 24: Blind Lemon Jefferson records in Richmond for Paramount labelThree months later, he dies in Chicago under mysterious circumstances, thus making the Richmond session his last.

924日,布兰德  列侬  杰弗逊在里士满录制派拉蒙标签唱片。3个月后,他死于一次神秘的事件,这次里士满的录制成为他人生last的乐章。

 

1930

       June 5: First of seven sessions in Richmond by cowboy singer Gene Autry.In total, Autry produced 30 sides for the Electrobeam Gennett and Champion labels.

65日,牛仔歌手吉恩  奥特里在里士满开始了他的7个阶段录音的第一次录音。奥特里总共录制了30面,使用的是电子束和冠军标签。

       November 19: Blues singer Bill Broonzy records The Bankers Blues(under the name Big Bill Johnson) in his first solo recording date in Richmond for the discount Champion label.

1119日,布鲁斯歌手比尔  布隆茨录制了“银行家蓝调”(他以大比尔约翰逊的名字),这是他在里士满录制的折扣冠军标签唱片单曲的第一天。

       December: Electrobeam Gennett label closes amid the Great Depression. The company continues producing its discount Champion label, as well as discount labels for Sears

12月,电子束标签的录制因为大萧条的原因被迫停止。该公司继续制作他的折扣冠军唱片,还有为西尔斯制作的折扣标签。

 

1931

       November 24: Bluesman Scrapper Blackwell records in Richmond six solo sides for the Champion label.

1124日,蓝调人拳击手布莱克威尔在里士满录制了6个单曲面,使用的冠军标签。

 

1932

       February 9: Broonzy (as Big Bill Johnson) records in Richmond one of his most memorable songs, Big Bill Blues.

29日,布隆茨(也叫大比尔约翰逊)在里士满录制了他较值得纪念的歌的其中一首《大比尔蓝调》

       September 22: Blues pianist Roosevelt Sykes records in Richmond his blues standard Highway 61 Blues.

922日,布鲁斯钢琴家罗斯福  赛克在里士满录制了他的蓝调标准曲《61号公路蓝调”。

 

1934

       August 14: Country legend Uncle Dave Macon records in Richmond with Sam and Kirk McGee in the final days of the Champion label.

       December: Champion label is discontinued. Gennett Records exits music recording business, but Harry Gennett Jr.continues to record sound effects.

814日,乡村歌手传奇人物昂克尔  大卫  梅肯在里士满录制唱片,之后几天和山姆、柯克  麦吉一起录制,使用的是冠军标签。

 

1935

       New Champion label is created by Jack Kapps American Decca Records, using old Electrobeam Gennett and Champion masters.

新的冠军标签由杰克  卡普的美国德卡唱片使用,之前一直使用老的电子束和冠军大师标签。

 

1936

       Business breakup within the Gennett family. Fred and Clarence Gennett are removed from daily operations of Starr Piano.

吉纳特家族内生意分家,弗雷德和克拉伦斯  吉纳特从日常的斯塔尔钢琴业务中分离。

 

1944

       New Gennett label reappears briefly under ownership of New York promoter Joe Davis. Discs are mostly forgettable pop songs.

新的吉纳特标签使用,由纽约的业务促销者乔  戴维斯使用,时间较短,录制的大多是一些无名的流行歌曲,

 

1948

       August 8: Fred Wiggins dies of a heartattack at age 67 in Richmond.

88日,弗雷德  维金斯在里士满死于心脏病突发,享年67岁。

 

1952

       The long-struggling Starr Piano factory in Richmond is sold and closed.

一直在业务中苦苦挣扎的里士满斯塔尔钢琴公司被卖掉。

       January 28: Alice Gennett dies at age 92 in Los Angeles.

128日,爱丽丝  吉纳特在洛杉矶去世,享年92岁。

       November 5: Harry Gennett dies at age 75 in Richmond.

115日,哈里  格兰特在里士满去世,享年75岁。

 

1953

       January 14: Clarence Gennett dies at age 73 in Richmond.

14日,克拉伦斯  吉纳特在里士满去世,享年73岁。

       Gennett Records assets, such as the ledgers, recording cards, and certain metal masters, are sold by Harry Gennett Jr. to Bill Grauer, co-owner of Riverside Records.

吉纳特唱片公司的财产,比如说帐薄、录音卡和某些金属工艺,被小哈里 吉纳特卖给了河岸唱片公司的比尔  格劳尔。

       June: First comprehensive article about Gennett Records by George Kay appears in The Record Changer.

6月,由乔治  凯所写的关于吉纳特唱片公司的综合文章出现在了《The Record Changer》杂志上

 

1956

       August 24: Ezra Wickemeyer dies at age 63 of a heart attack in Reading, Ohio.

824日,俄亥俄州,录音工程师以斯拉 维克梅恩在阅读过程中,死于心脏病,终年63岁。

 

1957

       May 24: Harry Gennett Jr. dies at age 51.

524日,哈里 吉纳特卒于51岁。

 

1965

       November 27: Fred Gennett dies at age 79 in Richmond.

1127日,弗雷德 吉纳特在里士满去世,终年79岁。

 

1991

       Starr Gennett Foundation formed in Richmond. Process begins to reclaim the Starr Piano/Gennett Records heritage after decades of local neglect.

斯塔尔-吉纳特基金在里士满成立,目的在于保护对斯塔尔钢琴和吉纳特唱片留给当地宝贵的文化遗产,重新唤起民众对老时光的回忆。

 

1994

       Jelly Roll, Bix, and Hoagy: Gennett Studios and the Birth of Recorded Jazz, by Rick Kennedy, is published by Indiana University Press.

由里克 肯尼迪所写的《杰利 罗尔、毕克斯和霍奇:吉纳特工作室和录制爵士乐的诞生》由印第安纳大学出版社出版发行。

 

2005

       Music downloading from the Internet gains worldwide acceptance. Hundreds of Gennett recordings become accessible with the click of a computer mouse.

因特网上的音乐下载被世界普遍接受,成百上千的吉纳特唱片通过点点鼠标就能获得。

 

2007

       Starr Gennett Foundation creates the Walk of Fame at the site of Starr Pianofactory, now a city-owned park, to honor the many Gennett artists.

斯塔尔-吉纳特基金在斯塔尔钢琴工厂的旧址建立了星光大道,以今年那些吉纳特艺术家们。这个旧址现在是城市公园,